Peru has emerged as one of the first countries in Latin America to establish a general-purpose artificial intelligence law, marking an early step in regional AI governance. In July 2023, the country enacted Law N° 31814, which promotes the use of AI for economic and social development while adopting a human-centric and rights-based approach. The law also designates the Secretariat of Government and Digital Transformation as the national authority responsible for AI oversight. Building on this framework, Peru approved implementing regulations in September 2025, creating a more detailed structure for the responsible development and use of AI systems. However, several key policy instruments, including national strategies on AI, data governance, and digital talent development, are still in progress or awaiting full adoption. Despite this strong regulatory foundation, challenges remain in execution. Limited monitoring tools, uneven digital literacy, and gaps in advanced AI skills restrict the country’s ability to fully evaluate and scale AI initiatives. Infrastructure disparities between urban and rural regions also persist, particularly in broadband access and data availability.
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