Poland has taken a distinctive approach to implementing the EU Artificial Intelligence Act by creating a single, centralized regulator for AI oversight, setting it apart from most Member States that rely on fragmented enforcement across existing agencies. The new Commission for the Development and Safety of Artificial Intelligence is designed to serve as the sole authority responsible for monitoring compliance, reflecting concerns about limited AI expertise and competition for skilled professionals across government institutions. While the centralized model aims to improve coordination and provide a single point of contact for businesses, it also raises questions about whether one body can effectively oversee high-risk AI applications across diverse sectors such as healthcare, finance, and security. To address expertise gaps, Poland has embedded representatives from multiple regulatory agencies into the commission’s structure and introduced advisory mechanisms, including a Social Council for AI. The country’s approach highlights broader challenges across the European Union, where member states are still developing enforcement systems, exposing a significant gap between AI regulation on paper and its practical implementation.
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